Tham khảo Caligula

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  1. ↑ In Classical Latin, Caligula's name would be inscribed as GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS.
  2. ↑ Sam Wilkinson, Caligula, trang 21
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 7.
  4. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.6.
  5. 1 2 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 9.
  6. ↑ "Caligula" is formed from the Latin word caliga, meaning soldier's boot, and the diminutive infix -ul.
  7. ↑ Seneca the Younger, On the Firmness of a Wise Person XVIII 2–5. See Malloch, 'Gaius and the nobiles', Athenaeum (2009).
  8. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 2.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 10.
  10. ↑ Tacitus, Annals IV.52.
  11. ↑ Tacitus, Annals V.3.
  12. 1 2 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 54.
  13. ↑ Tacitus, Annals V.10.
  14. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 64.
  15. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 62.
  16. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals VI.20.
  17. ↑ [The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 12
  18. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LVII.23.
  19. ↑ Tacitus, Annals VI.25.
  20. ↑ Tacitus, Annals VI.23.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 12.
  22. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 76.
  23. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals VI.50.
  24. ↑ Philo of Alexandria, On the Embassy to Gaius IV.25; Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIII.6.9.
  25. 1 2 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 13.
  26. ↑ Philo of Alexandria, On the Embassy to Gaius II.10.
  27. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Tiberius 75.
  28. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 14.
  29. ↑ Philo mentions widespread sacrifice, but no estimation on the degree, Philo of Alexandria, On the Embassy to Gaius II.12.
  30. ↑ Philo of Alexandria, On the Embassy to Gaius II.13.
  31. 1 2 Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.1.
  32. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 15.
  33. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.3.
  34. ↑ [The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 23
  35. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.10.
  36. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 37.
  37. 1 2 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 38.
  38. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 41.
  39. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 40.
  40. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.14.
  41. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.15.
  42. ↑ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.2.5.
  43. 1 2 3 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 21.
  44. 1 2 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 21, Life of Claudius 20; Pliny the Elder, Natural History XXXVI.122.
  45. ↑ Pliny the Elder, Natural History XVI.76.
  46. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.15; Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 37.
  47. 1 2 3 Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.16; Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 30.
  48. ↑ Tacitus, Annals IV.41.
  49. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 26.
  50. 1 2 3 Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.22.
  51. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 35.
  52. ↑ Pliny the Elder, Natural History V.2.
  53. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LX.8
  54. 1 2 Barrett 2002, p. 118
  55. 1 2 Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.25.
  56. ↑ Sigman, Marlene C. (1977). “The Romans and the Indigenous Tribes of Mauritania Tingitana”. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte (Franz Steiner Verlag) 26 (4): 415–439. Truy cập ngày 10 tháng 4 năm 2012. 
  57. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 45–47.
  58. ↑ P. Bicknell, "The Emperor Gaius' Military Activities in AD 40", Historia 17 (1968), 496–505.
  59. ↑ [The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 22
  60. ↑ Philo of Alexandria, On the Embassy to Gaius XI-XV.
  61. 1 2 Cassius Dio, Roman History LIX.28.
  62. ↑ Sanford, J.: "Did Caligula have a God complex?, Stanford Report, ngày 10 tháng 9 năm 2003.[liên kết hỏng]
  63. ↑ Farquhar, Michael (2001). A Treasure of Royal Scandals, p. 209. Penguin Books, New York. ISBN 0-7394-2025-9.
  64. ↑ Allen Ward, Cedric Yeo, and Fritz Heichelheim, "A History of the Roman People: Third Edition", 1999, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  65. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LI.20.
  66. ↑ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XVIII.6.10; Philo of Alexandria, Flaccus V.25.
  67. ↑ Philo of Alexandria, Flaccus III.8, IV.21.
  68. ↑ Philo of Alexandria, Flaccus V.26–28.
  69. ↑ Philo of Alexandria, Flaccus V.29.
  70. ↑ Philo of Alexandria, Flaccus VI.43.
  71. ↑ Philo of Alexandria, Flaccus VII.45.
  72. ↑ Philo of Alexandria, Flaccus XXI.185.
  73. ↑ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XVIII.7.2.
  74. 1 2 Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XVIII.8.1.

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Nguồn phụ

  • Balsdon, V. D. (1934). The Emperor Gaius. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 
  • Barrett, Anthony A. (1989). Caligula: the corruption of power. London: Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-5487-3. 
  • Grant, Michael (1979). The Twelve Caesars. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-140-44072-0. 
  • Hurley, Donna W. (1993). An Historical and Historiographical Commentary on Suetonius' Life of C. Caligula. Atlanta: Scholars Press. 
  • Sandison, A. T. (1958). “The Madness of the Emperor Caligula”. Medical History 2: 202–209. 
  • Wilcox, Amanda (2008). “Nature's Monster: Caligula as exemplum in Seneca's Dialogues”. Trong Sluiter, Ineke; Rosen, Ralph M. Kakos: Badness and Anti-value in Classical Antiquity. Mnemosyne: Supplements. History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity 307. Leiden: Brill. 
  • Wilkinson, Sam (2006). Caligula. Routledge. ISBN 0415357683. 

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